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Islam is the majority religion in the United Arab Emirates. All Emiratis are adherents of Islam, approximately 85% are Sunni and 15% are Shi'a. There are also smaller numbers of Ismaili Muslims.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher=CIA )〕 The Al Nahayan and Al Maktoum ruling families adhere to Sunni Islam of Maliki school of jurisprudence. Many followers of the Hanbali school of Sunni Islam are found in Sharjah, Umm al-Quwain, Ras al-Khaimah and Ajman.〔Barry Rubin (2009), Guide to Islamist Movements, Volume 2, ME Sharpe, ISBN 978-0765617477, p. 310〕 Their followers include the Al Qasimi ruling family. Other religions represented in the country including Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism, Judaism and Sikhism are practiced by non-nationals. == Islam == (詳細はSunni than Shiite Muslims among the residents. There are smaller number of Ismailis and Ahmadi Muslims.〔 The UAE's judicial system is derived from the civil law system and Sharia law. The court system consists of civil courts and Sharia courts. According to Human Rights Watch, UAE's criminal and civil courts apply elements of Sharia law, codified into its criminal code and family law, in a way which discriminates against women. Sharia courts in the UAE have a significant amount of authority. Flogging is a punishment for criminal offences such as adultery, premarital sex and alcohol consumption.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2008 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Torture and flogging )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=U.N. Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice: United Arab Emirates )〕 Due to Sharia courts, flogging is legal with sentences ranging from 80 to 200 lashes.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2007 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=UAE: Judicial corporal punishment by flogging )〕 Between 2007 and 2013, many people in the UAE were sentenced to 100 lashes.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Pregnant maid to get 100 lashes after being found guilty of illegal affair )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=Gulf Daily News )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Illicit lovers sentenced to 100 lashes each )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Two women sentenced to death for adultery )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Prison for couple who conceived outside of wedlock )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Adulterer to be lashed, jailed in Sharjah )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=UAE – Amnesty International 2007 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=DUBAI: Alleged victim of gang rape sentenced to one year in prison )〕 In Abu Dhabi, people have been sentenced to 80 lashes for kissing in public.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Couple deny kissing on Abu Dhabi Corniche )〕 Several Muslims in Abu Dhabi and Ajman were sentenced to 80 lashes for alcohol consumption.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Man to get 80 lashes for drinking alcohol in Ajman )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Man appeals 80 lashes for drinking alcohol in Abu Dhabi )〕 An Estonian soldier in 2006 was sentenced to 40 lashes for being drunk. Several people have been sentenced to 60 lashes for illicit sex.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Girl to receive 60 lashes for illicit sex )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Two sex workers are sentenced to lashes )〕 Sharia courts have penalized domestic workers with floggings.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=VI. Charges and Penalties against Domestic Workers )〕 Under UAE law, premarital sex is punishable by 100 lashes.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Woman denies affair after hearing she faces stoning )〕 Stoning is a legal punishment in the UAE. In 2006, an expatriate was sentenced to death by stoning for committing adultery.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=UAE: Death by stoning/ flogging )〕 Between 2009 and 2013, several people were sentenced to death by stoning.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Woman denies affair after hearing she faces stoning )〕 In May 2014, an Asian housemaid was sentenced to death by stoning in Abu Dhabi. Sharia law dictates the personal status law, which regulate matters such as marriage, divorce and child custody. The Sharia-based personal status law is applied to Muslims and sometimes non-Muslims.〔 Non-Muslim expatriates can be liable to Sharia rulings on marriage, divorce and child custody.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Britons 'liable to Sharia divorces' in UAE )〕 Sharia courts have exclusive jurisdiction over family law cases and also have jurisdiction over some criminal cases including adultery, premarital sex, robbery and related crimes. Apostasy is a crime punishable by death in the UAE. UAE incorporates hudud crimes of Sharia into its Penal Code – apostasy being one of them. Article 1 and Article 66 of UAE's Penal Code requires hudud crimes to be punished with the death penalty,〔〔Al-Muhairi (1997), Conclusion to the Series of Articles on the UAE Penal Law. Arab Law Quarterly, Vol. 12, No. 4〕 therefore apostasy is punishable by death in the UAE. Kissing in public is illegal and can result in deportation.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Public kissing can lead to deportation )〕 Expats in Dubai have been deported for kissing in public.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Women get jail and deportation for kissing on Dubai public beach )〕 In Abu Dhabi, people have been sentenced to 80 lashes for kissing in public.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Couple deny kissing on Abu Dhabi Corniche )〕 Homosexuality is illegal: homosexuality is a capital offense in the UAE.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=United Arab Emirates )〕 In 2013, an Emirati man was on trial for being accused of a "gay handshake".〔 Article 80 of the Abu Dhabi Penal Code makes sodomy punishable with imprisonment of up to 14 years, while article 177 of the Penal Code of Dubai imposes imprisonment of up to 10 years on consensual sodomy. Amputation is a legal punishment in the UAE due to the Sharia courts.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://lib.ohchr.org/HRBodies/UPR/Documents/Session15/AE/GIEACPCP_UPR_ARE_S15_2012_GloblaInitiativetoEndAllCorporalPunishmentofChildren_E.pdf )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.endcorporalpunishment.org/pages/progress/reports/uae.html )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2000/nea/824.htm )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/comment/defining-sharias-role-in-the-uaes-legal-foundation )〕 Crucifixion is a legal punishment in the UAE.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Crucifixion for UAE murderers )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=UAE: Further information on fear of imminent crucifixion and execution )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=UAE: Fear of imminent crucifixion and execution )〕 Article 1 of the Federal Penal Code states that "provisions of the Islamic Law shall apply to the crimes of doctrinal punishment, punitive punishment and blood money."〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.unodc.org/tldb/showDocument.do?documentUid=6385&country=UAE )〕 The Federal Penal Code repealed only those provisions within the penal codes of individual emirates which are contradictory to the Federal Penal Code. Hence, both are enforceable simultaneously.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.mafhoum.com/press2/brib76.pdf )〕 During the month of Ramadan, it is illegal to publicly eat, drink, or smoke between sunrise and sunset. Exceptions are made for pregnant women and children. The law applies to both Muslims and non-Muslims,〔 and failure to comply may result in arrest. Dancing in public is illegal in the UAE.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.lawyersuae.com/court-cases/criminal-law-of-dubai )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://al-shorfa.com/en_GB/articles/meii/features/2009/03/20/feature-03 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/322024 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Religion in the United Arab Emirates」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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